QEMU Emulation & Board Deployment

Target Hardware Environments

T-Kernel 2.0 supports direct execution on reference hardware boards (Raspberry Pi 2B/3B, TEF_EM1D, RZ/T1, SH7760) and QEMU virtualized targets (`qemu-system-arm`, `qemu-system-x86_64`, `qemu-system-riscv64`).

1. QEMU Target Launch Commands

T-Kernel binaries can be executed under QEMU using the following target configurations:

ARM Virt Machine Target:

# Run T-Kernel ELF under QEMU ARM virt machine
qemu-system-arm -M virt -kernel btron-qemu.elf -net none -m 512M -serial stdio

Raspberry Pi 2B Target:

# Run T-Kernel on QEMU Raspberry Pi 2B model
qemu-system-arm -M raspi2b -kernel btron-qemu.elf -dtb bcm2709-rpi-2-b.dtb -serial stdio

x86_64 Microvm / Multiboot Target:

# Run T-Kernel on x86_64 QEMU microvm with VirtIO MMIO
qemu-system-x86_64 -M microvm -kernel btron-qemu.elf -net none -serial stdio

2. VirtIO MMIO Device Mapping in QEMU

Under QEMU virt machines, VirtIO MMIO control registers are mapped into physical memory spaces as follows:

Device Subsystem	VirtIO ID	QEMU MMIO Base Address	IRQ
VirtIO-Console	3	`0x10001000`	48
VirtIO-GPU (2D)	16	`0x10002000`	49
VirtIO-Block	2	`0x10003000`	50
VirtIO-Net	1	`0x10004000`	51

3. Building & Deployment via Makefile

To build and test the T-Kernel QEMU binary from the workspace:

# Clean previous object files
make clean

# Build the QEMU T-Kernel ELF image
make qemu

# Execute under QEMU or host simulator
make run-qemu